Film Argumentative Essay Topics

Film Argumentative Essay TopicsFilm pugnacious paper points are significant for understudies to examine the most broadly saw films ever. Understudies ought to have the option to investigate the absolute most mainstream movies, and see which executive they like the best. Understudies ought to likewise have the option to compose a rational paper, which are something that they read so anyone can hear, yet a story. This permits the understudy to let their creative mind go crazy, while perusing the text.The reason these factious paper themes are so critical to understudies is on the grounds that a great many people can't comprehend and they would prefer not to see the individual that they are contending with to peruse the content. Additionally, understudies must have the option to peruse the content, since they are being evaluated by an educator. Furthermore, it permits understudies to have the option to get familiar with the creator of the piece, while never observing the real piece. Und erstudies would prefer to peruse an article that is altogether composed by the writer, than read a paper with the writer who composed it.Filmmaking contentions are, in reality, a troublesome thing to learn, as there are various sorts of film pugnacious exposition themes, and every one has its own procedures. For instance, there are true to life models, where a writer tells the perusers how comparative or disparate from reality something was. The exposition could peruse, 'In Titanic, Hugh Jackman had various extremely enormous blasts. Every blast was so enormous, it took a long effort to really observe them. Before the finish of the film, the entirety of the blasts were plainly visible.In different words, in this model, the camera work was fruitful, yet the crowd wasn't. Another procedure that a film pugnacious article may have been an argumentation from argumentation. In this sort of paper, a creator will bring up imperfections in a contention, and what the person in question believ es is the primary blemish. Different sorts of contention areof a character, and is, when all is said in done, the subject of the essay.In composing film contentious paper points, there are a few approaches. Understudies may decide to work alone, or with their instructor. There are a wide range of composing methods to browse, including what sort of exposition, and the style wherein the article is written.All of the various kinds of papers are extraordinary. Be that as it may, the most normally picked exposition positions are the account paper, proposition explanation, and contentious contention. The account paper is one where the article is written as a story. The proposal explanation and factious article are one, where the writer presents their hypothesis. Contentious article is otherwise called a character paper, where the author examines the characters in the piece, and clarifies why they settled on the decision that they did.This film factious exposition points can be written as a novel, or even as short story. The content must bode well and be coherent. Regularly, the writer will utilize a book to clarify their contention and show the appropriate response, or 'why.'Writing film pugnacious article subjects doesn't need to be a troublesome assignment, however there are a few things that the author must know, and a few strategies to use, to ensure that the paper streams easily and without any problem. Basically, the paper ought to have an unmistakable and sensible structure and make a legitimate answer. Ordinarily, this won't be the situation, yet when it is, the paper will be more clear, and to reply.

Get IELTS Sample Essays For Preparing For Your IELTS Exam

Get IELTS Sample Essays For Preparing For Your IELTS ExamThe most ideal approach to plan for your IELTS exposition is to have however many IELTS Essay 2 examples as could be allowed, yet there is just so much you can do. Prior to stepping through the examination, you should attempt it before hand to perceive how well you can do. Along these lines, when you go in for the genuine test, you will have no curve balls and know precisely what to expect.One of the principal things you have to do before you start getting ready for your IELTS paper is to pick up however much data as could be expected. In the event that you can, you should see test expositions for a training run so as to discover what your test will resemble. These are probably the most ideal approaches to test your aptitudes and check whether you are prepared to pass the test.Another tip is to discover what number of different understudies took a similar article, as this will give you a thought of how your own test will be. Yo u can likewise utilize these example expositions to figure out what addresses will show up on the real test. For instance, in the event that you know about the subject of your exposition, at that point you can likewise see whether there are different decision or article segment questions. You will have the option to deal with those segments of the test that will take the most time, so you will be prepared to expert it.Even on the off chance that you haven't done well in your past subjects, you should at present utilize the examples since they will assist you with focusing regarding your matter's information and abilities. The more you think about the material, the more ready you will be for the genuine test. Comprehending what inquiries to expect in advance will have the effect among passing and failing.When you are prepared to do your first practice article, it is a smart thought to make a rundown of the considerable number of points you figure you will experience on the test. Make sure you don't leave anything off the rundown, with the goal that you will be prepared to handle them before you get to the genuine test. By investigating your rundown, you can perceive what addresses you should reply. You can likewise survey your material before the genuine test.In request to pass your IELTS, you should show fundamental language abilities, and perusing understanding is consistently a need. By utilizing the example articles, you will have the option to build your jargon, just as improve your understanding abilities. You ought to likewise rehearse your appreciation by composing short essays.Reading is an essential piece of regular day to day existence, and this is the thing that you have to realize when taking the test. Perusing isn't just about perusing short entries from a book. You should have the option to understand books, papers, magazines, and different sorts of material so as to pass your test.Some tips for rehearsing your perusing perception incorporate sepa rating the entries into littler segments, and composing short passages about each area. Study these sections and read them in your mind. Ensure you get them, just as how they fit together. This will assist you with understanding the significant pieces of the sections and improve your aptitudes.

Argument Essay Samples For Beginners

Contention Essay Samples For BeginnersIf you need to compose a contention article in a rush, or on the off chance that you need some speedy guides to rehearse on, these contention paper tests can help. They have been ordered by novices simply like you, so you realize they are composed by somebody who has battled through similar issues you are, thus they have been composed with the end goal of giving you accommodating tips and pointers as opposed to speculating which style you should use.These contention article tests can spare you a great deal of time and exertion, and they can have the effect between a decent, elegantly composed paper and one that leave the speaker moving their eyes. To be completely forthright, it truly doesn't make a difference whether you are an A-level understudy or a C understudy - the sort of subject that you are expounding on will truly impact the sort of article you ought to write.Of course, on the off chance that you are composing for a significant test it won't be a lot of utilization having an exposition which is linguistically flawless yet loaded with blunders in development, however in the event that you are composing for a paper that your coach or your folks will peruse - a contention article that is all around organized and elegantly composed will assist you with traversing your exposition without re-trying it. Truth be told, on the off chance that you do need to re-try it after the entirety of your difficult work, your coach will presumably give you a superior evaluation since the person in question will see that you have concentrated completely and furthermore compose well for yourself.There are a few people who don't imagine that they ought to invest the energy to compose a contention paper since they feel that they need more time. There are such a significant number of things that can influence the exposition that you probably won't understand that you are not exactly ready to take care of business the first time.For model, a considerable lot of the contentions in history have ended up being exceptionally questioned and huge numbers of the students of history who kept in touch with them were likewise observers who partook in such occasions themselves, or, more than likely they had the advantage of additional data from different sources. If so, you ought to set yourself up by looking into the issue. This can truly assist you with getting the essence of the contention you are writing.When you are composing a paper, you have to see how to structure it accurately. For instance, you have to keep your contentions short, and you have to expand on them somewhat more so when you get to the end you will have the option to arrive at where you can unhesitatingly express your primary points.There are two sorts of contention article tests, and they are called pugnacious paper tests and 'justification' exposition tests. In a pugnacious exposition test, you will utilize an immediate contention, while in a method of re asoning article test you will utilize a type of contention, one that you can use to convince someone.Both can be valuable and can end up being nearly tantamount to composing a paper - then again, actually the objective is to pick up acknowledgment and not to establish a first connection. So utilize a contention exposition test format to rehearse what you have realized, and recollect that an elegantly composed contention is tantamount to any contention you can concoct in your preferred field.

How to Write a Nursing Clinical Reflection Essay

Step by step instructions to Write a Nursing Clinical Reflection EssayWriting a nursing clinical reflection exposition is a significant piece of your training. It's an opportunity to share a portion of your encounters and aptitudes in an expert setting.Writing a clinical reflection article is like composing an understudy paper. A similar kind of objectives apply - you need to ensure that you can undoubtedly pass on your musings, emotions, and thoughts to the peruser. By composing a clinical reflection article, you can do this.As with any composing task, your clinical reflection paper ought to be progressed admirably. You can not bear to invest a lot of exertion. Try not to get debilitated on the off chance that it takes you some time to begin. Remember that the primary draft will presumably be the most significant one. This draft will incorporate your drafts and corrections, just as a brief outline.The framework will fill in as a guide and make the way toward composing the article mu ch simpler. Actually, in case you don't know what to expound on or you don't get something, keep the framework convenient. Take a gander at it as an approach to give setting to what you will compose. This will keep you from getting impeded in what you know to be important.When you're composing the paper, attempt to structure it so you have a smart thought of to what extent each area ought to be. Try not to make areas longer than they should be. Leave yourself space to do revisions.One tip for you in case you're composing a clinical reflection paper is to abstain from utilizing slang. It very well may be difficult to decipher your musings and encounters into formal language. Furthermore, the slang can appear to be estranging to your perusers. As opposed to turning to slang, you should attempt to adhere to recognizable terms and phrases.In expansion to the clinical reflection exposition, you ought to likewise compose other comparative records. These could incorporate exploration paper s, portfolios, or school ventures. Attempt to be predictable throughout.Once you've gotten an opportunity to take a couple of training tests and keep in touch with some short papers, you'll be prepared to compose your article all alone. It may take some time however the result will be well justified, despite all the trouble.

Writing Essay Writing Skills For College Application

Composing Essay Writing Skills For College ApplicationThere are loads of fourth grade level article composing tests accessible on the web that you can use to improve your paper composing aptitudes. As your insight and involvement with composing builds, you will have the option to choose for yourself which composing test to use.Once you have chosen which composing test to use in your paper composing, you can discover different approaches to improve your composition. Now and then it is important to take the guidance of an expert to improve your composing aptitudes. You can counsel somebody who has just been composing articles at a significant level and improve your abilities by taking the assistance of this expert.Another approach to improve your paper composing is to discover a training or instructional exercise site where you can compose and contrast your composition and those of others who composed for a similar reason. You can likewise discover loads of articles on the web that you can use to improve your exposition composing skills.With such huge numbers of locales accessible on the web, you should be cautious while picking which one you will utilize. There are those destinations that just contain online instructional exercises and composing tests and there are others that have articles on genuine issues. It is significant that you pick the site that is ideal for you.Before you pick a site to rehearse and improve your paper composing, you should initially pick the reason for your article composing. A few people write to intrigue their companions while others utilize the data for their school application.If you expound on something that you feel unequivocally about, at that point you will have the option to concoct a one of a kind article that others couldn't imagine anything better than to peruse. Then again, on the off chance that you expound on an action that is a piece of school that you don't care for, at that point you will be more averse to dazzle your schoolmates with your abilities in exposition writing.This applies especially to secondary school understudies since they compose for their colleagues to intrigue them. For the greater part of the individuals who begin recorded as a hard copy, the attention is on their own insight into what they know as opposed to about what they need to impart to the reader.Most of the time, the individuals who compose papers in secondary school are doing whatever it takes not to intrigue any other person, yet they are simply attempting to improve their exposition composing aptitudes. They couldn't care less about whether the article is acknowledged by an understudy or not on the grounds that the information that they are attempting to grant is one that they as of now have.

Tips For Writing a Successful Thesis Dissertation

Tips For Writing a Successful Thesis DissertationA proposition exposition is intended to be an incorporated entire and must remain on its own feet. It can barely be viewed as a different substance from the program, or from the understudy and the educator. It is definitely a strong work of grant that will assist with setting your profession in a scholastic institution.Prospective understudies ought to have a reasonable thought regarding what the term exposition implies before they continue to read for their degree. In such manner, numerous colleges offer classes on composing a theory, and when an organization welcomes you to take an interest in such a course, it implies that the college has contemplated your inclinations and concluded that you have the proper interests to turn into a master in your picked field.This term of study starts with a conventional application process. This applies to every single alumni understudy, however the confirmations procedure for the school of decisio n will be very not the same as the procedure utilized for different colleges. You may not require a letter of proposal from a teacher who realize you well, just as a duplicate of your thesis.Students are urged to approach their educators for references and archives. This implies your teachers will get an opportunity to see your work before they even acknowledge your task. On the off chance that your educator is sure that you have a decent handle of the topic, at that point you will be set in an initial course to assist you with understanding the necessities of the topic you are considering.Part of your coursework incorporates going over some fundamental ideas and what information is required so as to compose a proposal. You will figure out how to survey contentions, just as what data is important to compose a fruitful exposition. You will likewise figure out how to arrange the basic perusing, the examination that is expected to help your proposition, and the investigation that you h ave to introduce in your last composed work.Many researchers locate that a course or workshop is additionally significant in building up their postulation. By working through papers and taking in addresses, they get an opportunity to rehearse what they have realized. This sort of contact with others that furnishes you with criticism is particularly useful in the event that you feel uncertain of what you ought to do next.You should start to construct your group around you on the off chance that you need to have a degree from a legitimate organization. This gathering of friends, alongside counselors who are very much ready to enable you, to will fill in as a wellspring of motivation and steady push when you need it. It will be an incredible lift to have others working with you when you are getting ready for your thesis.When you have finished your coursework and have an essential comprehension of the basic perusing required for the last structure of your proposition, the time has come to begin composing. Numerous teachers will furnish help with a pre-composed draft of your work, just as being accessible to respond to questions. At the point when you feel prepared to begin composing, it is indispensable that you start early so you can enough set yourself up to the requests of the theory.

Using Essay Samples PDF for High School Students

Utilizing Essay Samples PDF for High School StudentsUsing paper tests PDF will help your secondary school understudies figure out how to sort out their contemplations and compose their thoughts. When they graduate, they'll have a higher evaluation for their evaluations. In this way, your kids won't just alumni with a higher evaluation they'll have picked up something too.When they graduate, they'll be in the situation to employ individuals to get things done for them. At the point when you escape secondary school and can't discover somebody to carry out that responsibility, your youngsters might be searching for somebody to do it. In the event that they're the ones carrying out the responsibilities they won't need to pay somebody to do them. They'll be completing it themselves.The same is genuine when they begin to compose for themselves. When they graduate they'll have a high evaluation and they'll realize that they can compose for themselves. What's more they'll have great composin g abilities. A high evaluation can without much of a stretch be earned by composing a decent exposition. On the off chance that they need another PC, they'll realize that they can get one online.When they find a new line of work, they'll have the option to rake in boatloads of cash. They'll have all the more buying force and they'll have the option to purchase things quicker. This will prompt a more noteworthy plenitude of material and their entrance to a wide range of data. They'll have the option to get a degree in business or technical disciplines. They'll have the option to pick a career.If they decide to, they can appreciate a decent life for a lifetime. You don't need to furnish them with a wide range of assets. You simply need to assist them with making an arrangement of work they've done and afterward urge them to submit it to publishers.It establishes a decent connection with the world and it lets others see your understudies are proficient journalists. It's a generally exc ellent resume item.We all expertise the Internet can be utilized to improve our capacity to convey and we as a whole skill much we ought to utilize our composing assets. There are numerous things that individuals can use for making a portfolio. You ought to be seeing expositions tests PDF.As understudies start to have their own tasks made they ought to be urged to utilize these assets. By utilizing these assets understudies will accomplish something valuable. By utilizing these assets they'll be learning and being instructed how to communicate through the composed word. There are many individuals who utilize these assets normally and get a generally excellent input on how they are getting along.

Importance of Using Sample For Narrative Essay

Significance of Using Sample For Narrative EssayUsing tests as a guide and an establishment for your structure is a priceless thing to recall when composing a decent story paper. This will prove to be useful when you compose an account, regardless of whether it's a novel a short story, or a proposal paper. It is additionally helpful for understudies who need to figure out how to compose great expositions. Even if an understudy doesn't get it, the substance is still meaningful.The exposition is significant for the class however that doesn't imply that it must be composed to have a particular reason. The motivation behind an example is to give understudies a concise presentation about the author, the reason for the exposition, and what they intend to do with it. The fact of the matter is that they have to comprehend what the article is about before they compose it. This may seem like a type of copyright infringement, yet it's totally unique. It's a technique that can be utilized by any understudy inasmuch as they recognize how to manage it.Good tests ought to give enough data about the author. Don't simply send them something that has just been composed. This is known as an example and that is actually what it is. An example is a brief look into what a peruser will get from your essay.Another basic issue that a great deal of understudies have when composing is absence of certainty. This means they don't feel like they have the vital aptitudes to compose a decent article. They don't have a clue what they should expound on and they generally feel uncertain about composing a theory. Having an example or diagram is exactly what you have to get the show on the road rolling.The most significant piece of having an example is that it incorporates a particular subject. This is perhaps the greatest mix-up that understudies make. They center around what they know. Furthermore, they neglect to include data that will assist them with composing a superior essay.Example tests w ill make the whole procedure a mess simpler to deal with. You realize that the example is originating from somebody who recognizes what they're doing and that implies you will get an incredible understanding. You will have the option to utilize those models in your own paper without any problem. Additionally, you'll be increasingly OK with what you're composing since you have no uncertainty about the substance of your essay.If you're in a circumstance where you're stuck on the grounds that you don't have a clue what to expound on or how to compose a decent one, at that point an example is actually what you need. It tends to be an extraordinary advantage for have. It can likewise be the most disappointing thing. In any case, on the off chance that you read one, you will see that it is well worth it.Writing a story article isn't hard to do however having an example can get you out a great deal. Without an example, you will wind up counting on old thoughts and recollections when compos ing. Ensure that you get it.

A Disunited Society The Disturbing Depiction of Muhammad in the Divine Comedy - Literature Essay Samples

In 1312, Dante Alighieri wrote a treatise called De Monarchia, in which he expressed his belief that society would operate best under a single authority that is, a secular monarch. Dante, in his characteristic rabble-rousing way, argued that peace should be mankinds primary goal, and the only way to attain such a lofty goal is through unity. Two cantos of the poets Divine Comedy illustrate well his feelings regarding the need for unity and the danger of those who pose a threat to it. The first, canto 28 of Inferno, depicts historical characters like Prophet Muhammad who caused disunity, either religiously, politically or at a more personal level, such as among family members. Through both this canto and another in Paradiso one that describes the way disunity wrecked Florence Dante expresses his disdain for those who sow discord among populations. Both cantos raise several important questions about Dante and the Divine Comedy. Is Dantes real issue the discord itself, or the people who sow it? Is the way he depicts those who threaten unity indicative of his own racist, xenophobic and prejudiced values, or do they represent larger beliefs of medieval European society? Is Dantes understanding of Muhammad really as harsh as it first appears? Drawing from the works of Dante historians and my own interpretation of the text, I will argue that Dantes criticism of Muhammad is not tied to the prophets race or religion, but rather to the consequences of his actions. By doing so, I hope to also share insight into Dantes perspective on a diverse and rapidly changing medieval Europe. Canto 28 of Inferno describes the ninth bolgia of the eighth circle of hell, where the sowers of discord receive their eternal punishment. As punishment for creating divisions among people, the souls are struck and dismembered by the sword of a devil. They must then march in a circle, and once they reach the devil again their wounds are healed, ready to be reopened once more. Muhammad, one of the bolgia’s residents, explains to Dante and Virgil that the souls in the circle â€Å"were sowers of scandal and schism: / as they tore others apart, so are they torn† (Ciardi Inferno 28.35-36). As retribution for lives spent disuniting peoples, their contrapasso (or specifically designed and ironic punishment) is to spend eternity sliced in half and chopped to bits. The most prominent character in the ninth bolgia is Muhammad, who has one of the most gruesome injuries of all the sinners. He has been split from mouth to ass, revealing a mess of organs inside: â€Å"Between his legs all of his red guts hung / with the heart, the lungs, the liver, the gall bladder, / and the shriveled sac that passes shit to the bung† (Ciardi Inferno 28.25-27). The description certainly is hard to read, but perhaps not particularly surprising if we consider the largely anti-Islamist climate in which Dante lived. The poet’s depiction of Muhammad is aligned with most medieval European understandings of who the religious figure was and what misfortune he brought to the world. Throughout the Middle Ages, European Christians considered Muslims a natural enemy and a threat to Christian land, culture and population size. Centuries of Crusades only solidified this mentality, and by the time of Dante’s life, anti-Islamic sentiments had become inescapable. One popular medieval European legend portrays Muhammad as an apostate who, after being denied cardinalship by the Catholic Church, created his own competing religion in revenge. In fact, the first writers to add commentaries to the Divine Comedy, including Dante’s son Jacopo Alighieri, suggested themselves that this popular legend inspired Dante’s depiction of Muhammad (Frank 193). In reality, Muhammad ibn ‘AbdullÄ h had not intended to create his own religion, instead considering himself a prophet of al-LÄ h, the same God Christians and Jews worship. Instead of being a competitor to other prophets from religious traditions i.e. Jesus of Nazareth, Abraham, Moses Muhammad and his followers saw him as a brother among the other men who had received word from God (Jones 6221). The Quran even states, in regard to Christians and Jews, â€Å"say to them: We believe what you believe; your God and our God is one† (Ganeri 29:46). Especially in its earliest stages of Islam, Muslims considered themselves to be united, at least to some extent, with the world’s other People of the Book. The medieval European narratives that contradicted this reality, instead depicting Muslims as savage threats to Christianity, were simply ignorant of history. Yet ‘ignorant’ is not a word commonly used to describe Dante Alighieri. Researchers have found evidence to suggest Dante did in fact have a full understanding of Muhammad and Islam’s roots. By the end of the thirteenth century, Arabic works were being translating into Latin (Corti and Hall 57), and fourteenth-century Muslim and Christian societies were closely intertwined, particularly in Sicily and the Iberian Peninsula (Frank 200). For these reasons, it is likely Dante was well versed in Islamic scripture and literature. Because of this, he was less susceptible to the false narratives surrounding Islam. Historian Karla Mallette offers compelling evidence that Dante was familiar with the Quran, suggesting aspects of the Divine Comedy mirror traditional Islamic stories. She compares Dantes journey to Muhammads mirÄ j, or his journey to heaven and hell. During this journey, Muhammad encounters God, who rips open Muhammads chest so as to cleanse the prophet from t he inside (Mallette 211). This is a striking parallel. As he marches in hell, Dantes Muhammad tears at the slice through his chest, ripping himself in two: see how I rip myself! he yells to Dante and Virgil (Ciardi Inferno 28.30). By having Muhammad tear at himself, Dante flips the Islamic story on its head, dehumanizing Muhammad in a gruesome manner. Both parallels prove Dante had knowledge of Islam and Muhammad, although this knowledge does little to spare Muhammad of punishment. Another interesting note: in Sandow Birk and Marcus Sanders modern translation of Inferno, Muhammads warning about Fra Dolcinos future is called a prophecy (Birk and Sanders 28.62). This purposeful use of words acknowledges Muhammad as a legitimate prophet (although, Birk and Sanders often take it upon themselves to add their own critique of the Divine Comedy. This word choice may just be a criticism of Dantes intentional negligence to call Muhammad a prophet). Regardless, both this wording and the allusion to the Quran can be interpreted as evidence that Dante was aware of the depth of Islamic tradition, and therefore had not fallen victim to the widespread fallacies about Muhammads life. If Dante were aware of the intricacies of Muhammad’s life and legacy, this raises the question: why did he still choose to give the prophet’s character such an appalling punishment? Why, if Muhammad worshipped the same God as the Christians, would Dante not award him some amount of leeway? Why did he see it fit to put the prophets soul in such a low level of hell? The answer may be found in a different canto of the Divine Comedy, this one in Paradiso. Canto 16, set in the fifth sphere of Mars, describes a conversation between Dante and his Florentine great-grandfather, Cacciaguida. Cacciaguida laments about the turn Florence has taken; much like Dante, the soul grieves over the discord and corruption that have come to dominate the city. First, Cacciaguida explains how once, Florence was divided into large, powerful and noble families. Over time, however, as more interfamilial marriages took place, these families faded: â€Å"It has always been a fact that confusion of blood / has been a source of evil to city-states† (Ciardi Paradiso 16.67-8). This type of disunity connects canto 16 of Paradiso to canto 28 of Inferno: in hell, Bertran de Born appears alongside Muhammad, carrying his head in his hand like a lantern. De Born is said to have sown discord between the young Prince Henry and his father by instigating a quarrel between the two (Ciardi Inferno 234). He was also a troubadour known for his writings celebrating violence like that he encouraged young Prince Henry to pursue (Dantes Inferno Circle 8). Dante opposes all sorts of disunity, whether political or familial. More importantly than the splitting and combining of Florentine families, Dante also alludes to the political discord that tore apart Florence. Cacciaguida says during his life he â€Å"saw Florence live and prosper in such peace / that she had, then, no reason to shed tears† (Ciardi Paradiso 16.149-50). But now, he says, â€Å"the red dye of division† has crippled the city (Ciardi Paradiso 16.155). This line can be interpreted in different ways perhaps the â€Å"red dye† to which Cacciaguida refers is family bloodlines, or blood spilled through violence, both of which indeed can cause disunity. While both theories are fitting, these lines refer more specifically to the political conflict between the Guelph and Ghibelline parties of Florence. â€Å"The ancient standard of Florence bore a white lily on a red field,† writes Ciardi (Ciardi Inferno 155). In 1251, the Guelfs inverted the colors on their own standard, or flag, to a red lily on a white field, an d this red lily came to symbolize the division between the two parties. Dante experienced firsthand the destruction that comes with a disunited community. As a member of the white faction of the Guelph party, a group that wished to limit the power of the papacy, Dante, among 600 other members of opposition factions, was sentenced to exile when the Black Guelphs took control of Florence (Browning). Dante never returned home. He also witnessed the economic and political corruption that infected Florence during his lifetime, after the families Cacciaguida describes petered out and conflict among Florentine political parties intensified. The treachery Dante condemns in both Inferno canto 28 and Paradiso canto 16 is the same: the destruction of community. Dante views community at the center of peace and unity. Consider, again, his 1312 treatise De Monarchia, in which he writes, â€Å"Every kingdom divided against itself shall be laid waste† (Alighieri). He watched his own homeland, through all manners of division, be laid to waste. Clearly this is the main impact on his belief that unity is the ultimate goal mankind must reach. How might we connect these ideas to Dantes depiction of Muhammad in hell? Perhaps Dantes experience with divided community made the disunity Muhammad sowed a more personal issue to the poet. Any person or body who sows discord must be punished, since the consequences of doing so can be disastrous. Despite this, I believe Dantes understanding of Muhammads legacy is less harsh than the Inferno might indicate. For one, upon first seeing the ninth bolgia, Dante begins an extended metaphor, comparing the carnage before him to the combined bloodshed of the Trojan and Punic wars. The sympathy he displays for these sinners is reminiscent of that he felt for the lustful in the second circle of hell, in which he swoons from the intensity of his sympathy (Ciardi Inferno 5.139). As he enters the realm of the sowers of discord, Dante writes, At grief so deep the tongue must wag in vain; / the language of our sense and memory / lacks the vocabulary of such pain (Ciardi Inferno 28.4-6). Muhammad an d his fellow sinners punishments are appalling enough to warrant Dantes sympathy. Another intentional choice of Dantes is Muhammads mention of Fra Dolcino. While speaking to the character Dante, Muhammad requests that he warn Docino a Catholic reformist of his imminent future should he continue to sow discord among his fellow Christians (Ciardi Inferno 28.56-60). If Muhammad were the enemy of Christianity that medieval society portrayed him to be, why would his character show this care for a member of his enemy religion? Whats more, Muhammad raises one foot while speaking to Dante and Virgil about Fra Dolcino: Mohamet, one foot raised, had paused to say / these words to me. When he had finished speaking / he stretched it out and down, and moved away (Ciardi Inferno 28.61-3). Lifting his foot like this alludes to an aspect of Catholic Ignatian spirituality. [L]iving with one foot raised, this approach embodies a freedom from attachment to programs and even people in order to adapt, improve, shift and/or modify as needed (Zelenka). This moment shows Muhammad attem pting to atone for the sins he committed, thereby humanizing him, even eliciting sympathy from readers. Simplistic religious and racial prejudice is rooted in ignorance and blind hatred if these were the motives of Dantes interpretation of Muhammad, he would afford the prophet no sympathy, humanization or ties to Christianity. Dantes wealth of knowledge about Islamic values and history allows him to see beyond the racial and religious barriers that divide Muhammad and him. As a result, it is reasonable to assume Dante criticizes Muhammad not for his religious beliefs or race, but rather for his actions. In De Monarchia, Dante writes, Hence it is clear that universal peace is the most excellent means of securing our happiness (Alighieri). Peace, however, is impossible to attain without unity. If peace is the ultimate goal of mankind, discord must be abolished hence, Dantes perfectly crafted hell places sowers of discord at nearly the lowest level of the realm. Dantes disdain for those who disunite groups of people shows no discrimination. Just as the sword of the devil mangles the Muslims Muhammad and Ali, so too does it slice at Christian figures. Just as Dante critiques Muhammad, so too does he lament about the Florentine citizens who brought factions, corruption and disunity to the poets beloved home. If universal peace and happiness are to be attained, first must come unity, and no person, regardless of race or religion, is exempt from working toward this goal. Works Cited Alighieri, Dante. On World-Government or De Monarchia (ca. 1313). Translated by Herbert W.Schneider with an Introduction by Dino Bigongiari. A Liberal Arts Press Book. NY: The Bobbs-Merrill Co, Inc., 1957. Birk, Sandow, and Marcus Sanders, translators. Dantes Inferno. Chronicle Book, 2004. Browning, Oscar. Guelphs and Ghibellines: A Short History. 2nd ed., archive.org/stream/cu31924082449806/cu31924082449806_djvu.txt. Ciardi, John, translator. The Inferno. New American Library, 2009. Ciardi, John, translator. The Paradiso. New American Library, 2009. Corti, Maria, and Kyle M. Hall. â€Å"Dante and Islamic Culture.† Dante Studies, with the Annual Report of the Dante Society, no. 125, 2007, pp. 57–75. Johns Hopkins University Press,www.jstor.org/stable/40350658?seq=10#page_scan_tab_contents. â€Å"Dantes Inferno Circle 8.† Dante Worlds, University of Texas at Austin, danteworlds.laits.utexas.edu/circle8b.html. Frank, Maria Esposito. Dantes Muhammad: Parallels between Islam and Arianism. Dante Studies, with the Annual Report of the Dante Society, no. 127, 2007, pp.185-206., https://www.jstor.org/stable/40350664?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents. Ganeri, Anita. The Quran. Evans, 2002. Jones, Lindsay. Encyclopedia of Religion. 2nd ed., vol. 9, Macmillan Reference USA, 2005. Mallette, Karla. â€Å"Muhammad in Hell.† Dante Studies, with the Annual Report of the Dante Society, no. 125, 2007, www.jstor.org/stable/40350665?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents. Zelenka, Michael. â€Å"Catholic Education.† With One Foot Raised, 8 July 2014, icscatholicedu.blogspot.com/2014/07/with-one-foot-raised.html.